職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法解析(17)
第五句型:主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
先回顧一下本講第一節(jié)中有關(guān)賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的概念。
這個(gè)句型也是考試的重點(diǎn),主要有三個(gè)難點(diǎn):
1) 要不要 "to"的問(wèn)題:
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你馬上就來(lái)。)
句中to come 是賓語(yǔ)you的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō),當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般要用 "to"連接。但是,以下情況例外:
make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他來(lái)嗎?)
I won’t have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容許":我決不容許他欺騙我) (。com)
上述句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般要加 "to",如:
The nurse made the patient eat something. (護(hù)士讓病人吃了點(diǎn)東西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有時(shí),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也可用 -ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑話(huà)使我們笑了幾分鐘。- 注意后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for a couple of minutes)
記住下面重要表達(dá)方式:
to have / get (something) done, 如:
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞:
使用原則與上述大致相同。
2) 要不要 "it"的問(wèn)題:
先看兩個(gè)句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)要改掉一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣很難。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括號(hào)部分(動(dòng)詞不定式)為賓語(yǔ),difficult為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(醫(yī)生已經(jīng)跟你說(shuō)得很清楚了,你的胃沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括號(hào)部分(句子)為賓語(yǔ),clear為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。